11 août 2021
3
11
/08
/août
/2021
00:35
Plusieurs emprunts nationaux sont émis au cours de l'histoire économique de la France moderne. Ces emprunts nationaux ont lieu en temps de guerre lorsque les finances publiques sont mises à mal, ainsi qu'en temps de paix lorsqu'il faut lancer certains projets et que la dette publique reste élevée. Si l'État manque de trésorerie et que les impôts ne suffisent plus, un emprunt devient parfois nécessaire.
Pour inciter la population à souscrire massivement à ces emprunts, les gouvernements ont fait œuvre de propagande, notamment à travers des affiches qui titillent la fibre nationaliste.
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Quatre emprunts nationaux, en novembre 1915, octobre 1916, novembre 1917 et octobre 1918, sont émis durant la Première Guerre mondiale pour financer une guerre qui dure plus longtemps que prévu. L'emprunt national émis fin 1918, celui dit de la « libération », pour une mobilisation financière et des esprits, permet de récolter 55 milliards de francs par le biais de multiples affiches de propagandes.
Il ne faut pas confondre ces 4 emprunts avec les bons de la Défense nationale.
Un 5e emprunt, celui de la « Victoire des Alliés », est lancé en 1919 mais c'est le 6e, l'emprunt national de 1920, qui est considéré comme le plus massif, il vise la reconstruction du pays et le paiement des intérêts de la dette française.
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Trois affiches signées HANSI.
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Deux affiches de Francisque POULBOT.
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Une affiche signée SEM éditée et offerte par la Banque Nationale de Crédit à l'occasion du 2ème emprunt national.
Les trois autres affiches ci-dessous sont également signées SEM.
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